10
15
158
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/537339c55cfc02d9d8bf081f9e76f0e1.jpg
44bf2274e9f2324c501bc5f3c01aa603
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tamara: The Blokadnitsy Project
Description
An account of the resource
This portrait was one of many featured in The Blokadnitsy Project, a photo exhibit put on in CGIS South this past fall semester. The Blokadnitsy Project aimed to document the experiences of those women who survived the Siege of Leningrad in WWII. Under Tamara's story is the caption "Мы никогда не будем говорить на одном языке“ or “We will never speak the same language.” Tamara tells Bough these words at the very beginning of her story, expressing that her experiences in the blockade cannot be understood by those who have not had this experience. Despite this warning, Bough still forcibly tells Tamara's story in a neat and orderly fashion. This forced attempt to depict and understand Russia tension between translatability and untranslatability of Russian experience. Perhaps, its better to leave some aspects of another country, person, experience as a mystery.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Linda Buehler
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Bough, Jill. "Tamara: The Blokadnitsy Project." Jill Bough Photography. Accessed on May 5, 2014. <http://jillboughphoto.com/projects/blokadnitsy-project/tamara/>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
11/7/2013-12/16/2013
Blokadnitsy Project
Harvard
Military conflict
Siege of Leningrad
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/416d89d6b707de1625785af95a16420f.jpg
385982e99a05580d3e4201189771cde6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Object Biographies
Description
An account of the resource
Here are the object biographies generated for the SW52 Unit 4 Assignment.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Still Image
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tatlin
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/ru/calendar/exhibitions/exhibitions2334/
Assignment: Object Bios
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/407ed1d78c2c6c10d0f644b9be73bdb8.png
1503eb3ba0a8890c7065a5ea1d80dd58
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Crimean War and Russo-American Relations
Description
An account of the resource
<p> During the mid-1850s, the events of the Crimean War expanded what had been minimal interaction between the United States and Russia. Although the United States remained neutral during the war, the question of shipping neutrality first raised the notion that the United States and Russia could benefit from working in concert to resist British influence. The United States, throughout the war, made known to Britain and France its principle that “free ships make free goods” and that American trade, as a non-belligerent power, would not halt in Russia.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Crimean%20War%20Item.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> Fortunately, the Crimean War passed without this becoming an active point of contention between Britain and the United States. The war still served as a hint that even before British and French involvement in the Civil War, the United States might be served by finding a counterbalance to those two countries in Russia.</p>
<p> The sudden flurry of diplomatic activity between the United States and Russia likewise helped to give American and Russian diplomats familiarity with each other. The Russian minister to the United States at this time, Eduard de Stoeckl, would later serve throughout the Civil War period.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Crimean%20War%20Item.docx#_ftn2">[2]</a> Stoeckl would prove to be a key intermediary between the two countries, and he did not hesitate to make public the diplomatic notes of friendship between his two countries.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Crimean%20War%20Item.docx#_ftn3">[3]</a> Given the positive state of relations between the two countries as a result of the Crimean War, in 1861 the United States and Russia were well-primed for further conciliation against potential British and French threats.</p>
<div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Crimean%20War%20Item.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930), 112.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Crimean%20War%20Item.docx#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Frank A. Golder, “Russo-American Relations during the Crimean War.” <em>The American Historical Review</em>, 31 no. 3 (April 1926): 463.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Crimean%20War%20Item.docx#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>(Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952), 130.</p>
</div>
</div>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p>Frank A. Golder, “Russo-American Relations during the Crimean War.” <em>The American Historical Review</em>, 31 no. 3 (April 1926): 462-476.<br /><br />Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930.</p>
<p>Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952.</p>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1854-1856
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Samuel Coffin
Crimean War
Diplomacy
Military conflict
Russia
United States
-
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5c19fd08b1eefe457abd5dd336e3c277
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/57ae95c91745132bc88233f23a017f7b.png
c80cad8a9961fe72be68d61c5212e16a
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e25088ef1c2eb781b115bc8263267074
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Masses - Nov/Dec 1917
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/masses/issues/t078-v09n12-m76-oct-1917-masses.pdf
https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/masses/issues/t079-v10n01-02-m77-78-nov-dec-1917-masses-end.pdf
http://www.marxists.org/history/usa/culture/pubs/liberator/1918/09/v1n09-nov-1918-liberator.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
The Masses was published by Max Eastman from 1911 through 1917. It was an socialist arts and literary magazine publishing nonfiction in addition to art, cartoons, fiction and poetry. Following the passage of The Espionage Act in 1917, several attempts were made to label The Masses treasonous. Finally, a number of editors were indicted for obstructing military recruitment. In two consecutive trials the jury was unable to come to a unanimous decision. John Reed, who had been in Russia when first indicted, traveled back to New York for the trial, which came to represent attempted censorship of the leftist media. The Masses was succeeded by The Liberator and later by The New Masses. Each of these later iterations was more closely associated with the American Communist Party.
Of the images presented here, two are illustrations from The Masses. The second, a cartoon was reprinted from a French publication, Les Homme de Jour. The third is a poem published in The Liberator by Max Eastman.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1917
-
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84553e1c84876c2040662166c81693e9
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Moscow Conservatory
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1901-present
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arielle Rabinowitz
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
"Moscow Conservatory" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Conservatory
"Moscow State Conservatory: Grand Hall" <http://www.bolshoimoscow.com/theatre/conserv_gh/info/sid=GLE_1&play_date_from=01-May-2014&play_date_to=31-May-2014>
Subject
The topic of the resource
The Moscow Conservatory contains three different performance halls, of which the most well-known is the "Great Hall." Opened in April 1901, the hall represents one of the most famous concerts venues throughout Russia and the world. In addition, students of the conservatory have also had the opportunity to perform here in performances open to the public. Thus, the "Great Hall" has served both amateur and professional musicians over the past century, a fundamental contributor to the spread of Russian classical music.
Culture
Music
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0460a4c92762b00329b618de63b23fed
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Purchase of Russian Alaska
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Although the American purchase of Alaska occurred after the Civil War, the treaty came about as a result of the same diplomatic circumstances that brought about Russo-American cooperation during the Civil War. The antagonism between Russia and Britain had played a significant role in fostering Russia’s open diplomatic support for the Union, and fears of war over Poland had driven Russia to send its fleet on their 1863 visit to the United States.</p>
<p>In fact, Russia had been hoping to dispose of Alaska in some way even before the Civil War, out of fear that the United Kingdom could easily seize it.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> Selling the territory to the United States, according to both Clay and the Russian minister to the United States, would in fact play a dual role in countering British power on the Pacific. In addition to keeping Alaska out of the hands of the British, the sale of Alaska may have been driven by the hope of “expulsion of England from the whole Pacific coast of North America.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftn2">[2]</a> As with Russian alignment against Britain and France during the Civil War, the exigencies of geopolitics played a significant role in fostering this agreement over Alaska.</p>
<p>Famously, the purchase of Alaska by the United States was greeted with much derision at the time. Despite some public outcry over purchasing the “Russian Fairyland,”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftn3">[3]</a> the annexation of Alaska was indeed secured in 1867 for the sum of $7.2 million.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftn4">[4]</a></p>
<div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930), 145.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftnref2">[2]</a> <em>Ibid</em>, 165n66.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Thomas A. Bailey. <em>America Faces Russia </em>(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1950)<em>, </em>103.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Alaska%20Item.docx#_ftnref4">[4]</a> <em>Ibid¸ </em>102.</p>
</div>
</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Samuel Coffin
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<div>
<p>Thomas A. Bailey. <em>America Faces Russia. </em>Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1950.<br /><br />Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930.</p>
</div>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867
Alaska
Diplomacy
Places
Russia
United States
-
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9872633246f3c0616e91ea5d39fbfa63
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Russian Fleet Comes to America
Description
An account of the resource
<p> On September 24, 1863, Russian ships suddenly appeared off the coast of New York City. Although the appearance of a foreign navy during the Civil War might seem to have been menacing, both the American government and private society welcomed the presence of the Russian fleet.</p>
<p> Both the diplomatic reception to an unexpected naval visit and the lavish private receptions in New York City demonstrate the extent to which Russia had been established as a friendly power. One reception for the Russian officers served “twelve thousand oysters, twelve hundred game birds, and three thousand five hundred bottles of wine.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> The official receptions were no less dramatic, and Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles gave the Russians open access to visit the Brooklyn navy yard.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftn2">[2]</a> In December, Secretary Seward received the Russians in Washington, D.C., and Mary Todd Lincoln herself gave “a toast to the health of the Czar.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftn3">[3]</a> The warm reception reiterated the level of friendship between the two countries, such that a Russian fleet could suddenly arrive on the East Coast and be feted.</p>
<p> Russia’s dispatch of ships to New York, and later San Francisco, came not necessarily as a show of support for the Union, but rather out of fear of British and French intervention in Poland. Since the United States had declined interest in intervention on behalf of the Polish rebels, the Russian fleet seemed much safer near American waters than directly facing British and French navies.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftn4">[4]</a> For the Russians, fostering a sense of good will was important, but secondary to their goal of keeping their navy intact in case of a war with Britain and France.</p>
<div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>(Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952), 146.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftnref2">[2]</a> <em>Ibid</em>, 141.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftnref3">[3]</a> <em>Ibid</em>, 147.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Russian%20Fleet%20Item.docx#_ftnref4">[4]</a> Benjamin F. Gilbert, “Welcome to the Czar’s Fleet.” <em>California Historical Society Quarterly</em> 26, no. 1 (Mar. 1947): 13.</p>
</div>
</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Samuel Coffin
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<div>
<p>Benjamin F. Gilbert, “Welcome to the Czar’s Fleet.” <em>California Historical Society Quarterly</em> 26, no. 1 (Mar. 1947): 13-19</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952.</p>
</div>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 1863-April 1864
Diplomacy
Navy
Russia
United States
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/444d7b37f2f58810ae1e8d338987a30a.jpg
de22ca5d22dc2b84c1fe6031cbeea305
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
June 19th, 1992 to July 21st, 1992
Event Type
Civil War
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
Moldova, Transnistria, Soviet 14th Army
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Transnistrian War
Subject
The topic of the resource
Moldova, Part 4
Description
An account of the resource
As the Soviet Union began its collapse, Moldova declared independence. Moldovan nationalists were giddy with freedom and proposed making Moldovan the national language. There was even talk of re-uniting with Romania. These changes did not sit well with the mostly Russian-speaking peoples east of the Dniester River, who subsequently declared independence from Moldova. A short war ensued that ended with the aid of the Soviet 14th army, which was still present on Transnistrian soil, and a peace treaty was signed. Since then Transnistria has been a de-facto independent state, recognized by none.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 1
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
"Transnistria-Moldova Territorial Dispute (ICE)." Transnistria-Moldova Territorial Dispute (ICE). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
June 19th, 1992 to July 21st, 1992
Assignment: Trajectories
Civil War
Military conflict
Moldova
Nation-building
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/d5a1a3429e790b82f502eea7f1fb2f90.jpg
bfa8e1eca1c4080b19f72e928ddcac1b
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
1858
Event Type
Treaty
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
Count Nikolas Muravyov-Amursky of the Russian Empire and Yishan, official of the Qing Dynasty.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Treaty of Aigun
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amur Region, Part 2
Description
An account of the resource
The Amur region grew in importance for Russia during the 1850s. Count Nikolas Muravyov-Amursky led expeditions into the region during the first part of the decade, and during the Crimean War of 1853-1856, the Russian presence in the Amur region was expanded significantly. The Amur River became an important waterway for the Russian military as gateway to the Pacific, and several military outposts were built. With the increased settlement, the region was virtually controlled by Russia. China was unable to respond militarily to the challenge. While Russia was establishing outposts and assuming control of the nearby maritime region, China was taking part in a number of devastating conflicts. The Taiping Rebellion of 1850-1864, which wiped out a large number of Chinese citizens, coupled with the Second Anglo-Chinese War of 1856-1860, provided Russia with the opportunity to gain new territory in the frontier along the border.
The Treaty of Aigun, named after the Chinese town in which it was signed, was concluded in May 1858. The signers were the Russian Count Muravyov-Amursky and the Manchu official Yishan. As part of the treaty, Russia received all land north of the Amur River. Another large part of land to the east of the Ussuri River was also given to Russia. The Treaty of Aigun amounted to an estimated two million miles of new territory for Russia. In addition to territory, Russia gained more control over regional trade and near exclusivity in the use of the Amur, Ussuri, and Sungari Rivers. Two years later, the terms of the Treaty of Aigun would be confirmed in the Treaty of Beijing, which established the Ussuri River as the border between Russia and China. Despite the Treaty of Aigun and the Treaty of Beijing, the border between Russia and China was not agreed upon in manner precise enough as to prevent future conflict. China was fully aware that it had been forced into the Treaty of Aigun, and border disputes continued into the 20th century.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 3
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Tzou, Byron. China and International Law: The Boundary Disputes. 1st. ed. New York: Praeger, 1990. 47-48. Print.
" Russia and China end 300 year old border dispute." BBC World News (1997): BBC News. Web. 12 Feb 2014. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/analysis/29263.stm.
"Russian-Chinese Treaty of Aigun concluded 155 years ago." Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. 28 May 2013. Web. 12 Feb 2014. http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/history/pages/item.aspx?itemid=1042.
Picture: http://qingdynastyyong.blogspot.com/
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
May 1858
Amur Region
Assignment: Trajectories
China
Places
Russia
-
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8c6b4c898c2d940b2d217da23893f913
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Treaty of Nerchinsk
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amur Region, part 1
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 3
Description
An account of the resource
As Russia sent explorers and settlers eastward in the mid-seventeenth century, they struggled over the land in the Amur basin. At the time of Yerofei Khabarov’s 1649 expedition, one bank of the Amur river was ruled by the Daurians and the other by the Manchu, at the time the ruling dynasty of China. Khabarov captured a Daurian fortress that he called Albazino and installed a Russian settlement there, which fought against the Manchu in numerous battles and sieges. Several times the settlers escaped from Albazino to Nerchinsk, where they regrouped before returning to the fortress. Only 100 of the 800 settlers escaped from a 1685 siege, but returned the next year. The next siege lasted a full year and was more deadly still, leaving 40 out of 900 settlers alive. Finally, in 1689, Russian and Manchu delegations met at Nerchinsk to agree on a treaty that gave the Amur region to the Manchu rulers of China.
The Treaty of Nerchinsk gave the lands of the upper Amur to China and called for the destruction of the Russian settlement at Albazino, with the Chinese promising not to populate the Amur basin. The treaty also opened trade with China and included provisions allowing travel and extradition of criminals between Russia and China. China’s northern boundary was extended, now marked by the river Gorbitsa, and a neutral zone was left between the river Ud and the frontier mountains. However, with a lack of both accurate maps and clear descriptions the exact boundary was and is ambiguous.Because the treaty was written using Latin as a lingua franca and translated into Russian and Manchu separately, a great number of differences exist between the various translations, exacerbating the boundary ambiguities. This border between Russia and China held, legally if not precisely, from 1689 until the Treaty of Aigun in 1858.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
The Territorial Terms of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689. V. S. Frank. Pacific Historical Review , Vol. 16, No. 3 (Aug., 1947) , pp. 265-270
"The Amur's siren song." The Economist. Dec 17th 2009. http://www.economist.com/node/15108641
"Treaty of Nerchinsk, the first treaty between Russia and China, concluded." Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. Web. 10 Feb 2014. http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=658.
Image source: http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2009-11/09/treaty_of_nerchinsk__the_first_treaty_between_russia_and_china8ece83df84e905ad63a3.jpg
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1689-1858
Amur Region
Assignment: Trajectories
Borders
Places
Treaty
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Still Image
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Original Format
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online map
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Timeline sample
Description
An account of the resource
Screenshot of the Unit 1 timeline
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kelly O'Neill
Assignment: Trajectories
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Event
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Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
25 years (1891-1916)
Event Type
Construction of the trans-Siberian railroad in the Amur region.
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
Russian Empire
Dublin Core
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Title
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Trans-Siberian Railroad
Description
An account of the resource
The Trans-Siberian Railroad was the material display of Russia’s desire for a permanent foothold on the Pacific coast. Not long after the Amur region had come under Russian control, the imperial government recognized the need for a railroad to connect the region with the Russian heartland. Such a railroad would bolster Russia’s internal development of the region and project Russia’s military power. Ames’ account of Russian railway construction provides a full description of the trans-Siberian railroad’s construction, but the most notable points regarding the Amur region is that construction began simultaneously at Vladivostok as in the west, and that the first completed segment ran through Manchuria. Ultimately, an all-Russia link would be completed in the Amur valley by 1916.
In particular, Russia’s desire for a militarily secure railroad arose from the concern that the Amur region, recently acquired from China, might return to the Chinese. Fears of reconquest by demographic means became common in the period. These fears had real roots in the massive settlement program, described by Marks, that the Qing dynasty had enacted in Manchuria. The notion of a few Russian outposts against the entirety of China would remain a latent ethnic concern even into the Soviet and modern era, and the trans-Siberian railroad was a means of improving the odds of permanent Russian settlement in the Amur region.
However, the greater railroad projects in the Amur region did not simply represent a means of bolstering Russia against the Chinese threat. In the late 19th century, Russia saw itself as much of a colonial power as any European state, and the railroad held promises of facilitating a Russian expansion into China. Marks notes how the most ambitious of Russians even hoped for an expansion of Orthodoxy into China through railroads extending into China. While that would not come to pass, the construction of the trans-Siberian railroad and its Manchurian branches provided the infrastructure needed for any sort of economic, military, or social control over China by Russia.
Creator
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Group 3
Source
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Ames, Edward. "A century of Russian railroad construction: 1837-1936."American Slavic and East European Review (1947): 57-74.
Marks, Steven Gary. Road to Power: The Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Colonization of Asian Russia, 1850-1917. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
"File:Banknote 5000 rubles (1997) back.jpg" From Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Accessed February 12, 2014. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Banknote_5000_rubles_%281997%29_back.jpg
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1891-1916
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amur Region, Part 3
Amur Region
Assignment: Trajectories
China
Places
Railroads
Russian Empire
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ea57dd4149a8f5e7486a8c42aeee725d
Event
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Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
One day
Event Type
Signing of a treaty
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
Russia and Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
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Treaty of Georgievsk
Description
An account of the resource
In 1783, the Treaty of Georgievsk was signed, between the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, in Eastern Georgia, under King Irlaki II, and Russia, under Catherine II. The relationship was initiated by King Irlaki II. The major elements that came out of the treaty were that King Irlaki II would submit to Russia (rather than the Ottoman empire), by way of “[determining] solemnly and precisely his duties with regard to the All-Russian Empire,” in the words of the treaty. In turn, Georgia would benefit from Russia's protection, or, according to the treaty, “the defense, support and refuge to the said [Georgian] people and to their Most Serene Sovereigns, against the oppression of their neighbors, to which they were susceptible.”
The Treaty of Georgievsk was not an endpoint on a trajectory, but rather the beginning of a longterm relationship that extended through the time of the Soviet Union. Soon after, in 1801, Paul I of Russia annexed Georgia.
While the incorporation of Georgia was indubitably an act of expansion, it is also an indication that Russia’s empire building and expansionist activities were not only a process of forced invasion, but could be one side of a mutually beneficial relationship. An article in The Voice of Russia points out that the treaty was helpful to both Russia and Georgia. Russia benefited from the opportunity to establish itself in the Caucasus region while, according to expert Felix Stanevsky, Georgia benefitted from a period of cultural freedom and richness. As indicated by the treaty, Gorgia also benefitted from the protection provided by Russia.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 5
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Yeltsin Presidential Library. “Treaty of Georgievsk signed 230 years ago - Eastern Georgia becomes a protectorate of Russia.” N.p. n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/history/pages/item.aspx?itemid=901>
“Dialogue of Cultures.” Voice of Russia. The Voice of Russia, 31 July 2013. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://voiceofrussia.com/2013_07_31/Dialogue-of-cultures-4225/>
Martin, Russell E. “Treaty of Georgievsk.” Westminster. N.p. n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.westminster.edu/staff/martinre/Treaty.html>
Solaris, Saltus. “Fragmentation of Oppressed Nations as an Instrument of Keeping W. Caucasus under Russian Control.” Live Journal, 12 June 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://baltvilks.livejournal.com/68540.html>
Date
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July 24, 1783
Subject
The topic of the resource
Georgia, part 1
Assignment: Trajectories
Georgia
Geostrategic importance
Treaty
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Event
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Title
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Trent Affair
Description
An account of the resource
<p> Although the “Trent Affair” did not directly involve Russia, the affair demonstrated the need for the United States to bolster its diplomatic presence against British and French interests. In November 1861, the British government reacted angrily to news that an American ship had intercepted the British ship <em>Trent</em>. An American warship stopped the <em>Trent,</em> in international waters, in order to intercept “John Slidell and James Mason, Confederate emissaries to Paris and London, respectively.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> Britain demanded recompense for what it considered an illegal seizure of a British ship, and ultimately the United States released Slidell and Mason on the basis that “one war at a time” was a prudent measure.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn2">[2]</a> Even with the peaceful resolution, the incident highlighted the extent of Confederate efforts to sway European powers and the less-than-favorable position that the United States held in British opinion.</p>
<p> Since the Russian government had already extended its first words of support by 1861, Russia was certainly pleased to see the United States avoid open war with Britain. The Russian minister to the United States passed along a note of congratulations and reassurance “of the cordial sympathy which united the two countries.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn3">[3]</a> To emphasize this point on the world stage, the Russian government likewise sought permission from Cassius Clay to “have [the congratulations] printed in the Journal de St Petersbourg in order that it might exercise a favorable influence on European opinion.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn4">[4]</a> In going to such public lengths to emphasize Russo-American friendship, the Russian government gave its reassurance that it supported the United States against British and French enmity.</p>
<div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>(Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952), 92.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref2">[2]</a> <em>Ibid</em>, 93.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930), 126.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref4">[4]</a> <em>Ibid</em>.</p>
</div>
</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Samuel Coffin
Source
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<div>
<p>Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930.<br /><br />Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952.</p>
</div>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
November 1861
Confederacy
Diplomacy
Russia
United Kingdom
United States
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
images of russianness
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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unveiling