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                <text>Nureyev's Defection</text>
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                <text>Bild, Pressens.  “Press Photo of Rudolf Nurejev [sic] at His Defection from the Soviet Union 1961.”  Photograph.  Wikipedia.  Wikipedia Foundation Inc., 28 Mar. 2014.  Web.  22 Apr. 2014.  &#13;
&#13;
“Rudolf Nureyev—‘Aureole.’”  Front Row Photos.  N.p., n.d.  Web.  22 Apr. 2014.  &#13;
&#13;
Smith, Dinita.  “New Light on Nureyev’s Grand Leap to the West.”  The New York Times.  The New York Times Company, 6 Oct. 1998.  Web.  21 Apr. 2014.  &#13;
&#13;
“1961—Nureyev Defects to the West.”  Rudolf Nureyev Foundation.  Rudolf Nureyev&#13;
Foundation, 2012.  Web.  21 Apr. 2014.   &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>In June 1961, Rudolf Nureyev, along with other members of the Kirov company, arrived at the Paris airport in order to fly to London, the next stop on their tour.  Nureyev however “given a ticket to Moscow and told he was needed for a gala” (“1961—Nureyev Defects”).  The KGB had been monitoring Nureyev and were disturbed by the fact that he often went out with French dancers and locals while in Paris.  The Soviet government feared that they might lose Nureyev, their best and most famous ballet dancer, to the West; consequently, they attempted to use several different tactics to persuade Nureyev to return to the Soviet Union.  But Nureyev was doubtful of “[Soviet] assurances that he would rejoin the company in London” and instead felt “sure he would never again be allowed out of Russia and would face relegation back home” (“1961—Nureyev Defects”).  With the help of some friends in Paris, Nureyev managed to secure political asylum in France and his career continued to flourish in the West.  Nureyev’s defection clearly demonstrates a sense of dedication and a sense of bittersweet sacrifice, for although Nureyev was able to escape to the West, for years after his defection “all his travelling had to be done on temporary documents” (“1961—Nureyev Defects”).  Nureyev was sentenced to prison by the USSR and it was only by a special 48-hour visa that Nureyev was able to visit his ailing mother in the USSR before she died.  Thus, Nureyev’s defection embodies the sense of tragedy that is part of the idea of “Russianness” presented in this exhibit.  &#13;
&#13;
Word  Count: 265&#13;
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                <text>“Blue Bird in The Sleeping Beauty.”  Photograph.  For Ballet Lovers Only.  N.p., 2009.  Web.  22 Apr. 2014.  &#13;
&#13;
“Le Corsaire.”  Photograph.  For Ballet Lovers Only.  N.p., 2009.  Web.  22 Apr. 2014.  &#13;
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                <text>In 1977 the great dancer Yuri Soloviev killed himself.  The fact that he killed himself in his beloved dacha makes his death more haunting, for “it is tragic to think that in a dark hour he was drawn back to his roots” (Lobenthal 55).  Though the reasons for Soloviev’s suicide remain obscured, interviews with Tatiana Legat, Soloviev’s widow, reveal that “Yura [Tatiana’s pet name for her husband] was always being pressed to join the Party” and that Soloviev was once explicitly told, “You’re an embodiment of what a Russian Communist is.  You need to join the Party” (Legat qtd. Lobenthal 62).  Additionally, in the months leading up to his suicide it appears that Soloviev was in an increasing amount of physical pain and did not feel he was dancing to his best ability.  Legat says, “But his back hurt, his legs hurt. And I said, ‘Well, don’t [do the variation], just stand and strike some poses.’ He said, ‘I can’t. You know who I am and you know what my position is, that I’m a People’s Artist, etc. I have to do it. How can people come to the theater and say, ‘But he didn’t dance.’’ I said to him, ‘It doesn’t matter if you don’t do it. Any pose that you do, you will do it right and beautifully and everybody will love it.’  In Romeo and Juliet there’s a lot of running, and he was in such pain. He couldn’t run. He still ran, because he felt he had to. He was just happy that he hadn’t disappointed anybody – Kolpakova, his Juliet, or the public: ‘Thank God I got through everything’” (Legat qtd. Lobenthal 67).  Soloviev’s death clearly embodies a sense of tragedy and sheer determination that is fundamental to the idea of Russianness presented in this exhibit.  &#13;
&#13;
Word Count: 300&#13;
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                <text>	In 2001, Ulyana Lopatkina suffered a serious injury that forced her to stop dancing for two years, during which time she married and had a daughter.  Interestingly, it was Mikhail Baryshnikov—one of the greatest ballet dancers alive and a former Kirov dancer before his defection—arranged the operation that Lopatkina had on her leg to correct her injury (Yudina).  Lopatkina’s return to ballet following her injury-prompted sabbatical demonstrates an extreme sense of determination and dedication, especially when one considers the fact that most ballerinas do not return to dance once they have had a baby.  Yet the story of Lopatkina’s injury, which is tied up with the moment in which she became a mother, contains a deep sense of melancholy, which is extremely pertinent to the idea of Russianness presented in this exhibit.  In an interview following her return to the stage—where she is still considered one of the best ballet dancers in the world—Lopatkina says, “I am terrified what resonance [my return to ballet] will have for the future of my child. I imagine myself at my death, thinking, did my child see me do the best thing for her, did I live my life right? Those sort of thoughts are always with me now […] Even if I have the opportunity to have another child, I will not be able to detach myself from my life in art. This is how I feel today” (Lopatkina qtd. Brown).  &#13;
&#13;
Word Count: 242</text>
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&#13;
Ross, John.  “Uliana Lopatkina—La Valse.”  Photograph.  Ballet.co Galleries.  N.p., 25 May 2004.  Web.  22 Apr. 2014.  &#13;
&#13;
Yudina, Anna.  “Prominent Russians: Ulyana Lopatkina.”  Russiapedia.  TV-Novosti, 2011.  Web.  21 Apr. 2014.</text>
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                <text>Berkow, Ira. Maxwell Street: Survival in a Bazaar. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 1977. M.D.H. JAPANS SYMPATHIZERS HERE.; What Manner of Men Are They? -- Russia and the United States. Accessed April 26, 2014. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FB0C17FA3A5416738DDDAF0894DB405B848CF1D3. Kaztauskis, Antanas. From Lithuania to the Chicago Stockyards--An Autobiography. The Independent. August 4, 1904. Leonard, Henry B. The Immigrants Protective League of Chicago 1908-1921. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908-1984) 66, no. 3 (October 1, 1973): 271-84.</text>
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                <text>1884-1919</text>
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        <name>Assignment: Vantage Points</name>
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                <text>Russian Bond Certificates </text>
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                <text>This is an image of various Russian bond certificates over time. After purchasing a bond, an investor would receive a certificate like this. The image includes bond certificates issued by the Imperial government, the Soviet government, and by the Russian Federation. The blue and green bonds on the right hand side are issued by the modern Russian Federation and are similar to the certificates of the ruble-denominated bonds discussed below.</text>
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                <text>"Lot#931 Foreign Banknotes," accessed May 1, 2014, http://stampcircuit.com/Auction_Items/3465238?page=37.</text>
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                <text>Stamp Circuit Philatelic Services</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Hunter Fortney</text>
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                <text>5/1/14</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Domestic  Ruble-Denominated Debt</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This is a chart of the ruble denominated debt in Russia. It includes sovereign, municipal, and corporate debt. The scale on the right is billions of USD. The large run up in 1998 is of sovereign debt, which goes back to almost zero when the Russian's default. The vast increase after 2004 is driven by  corporate and municipal debt. For example, the amount of ruble-denominated corporate debt, skyrocketed more than 50,000% from 2002 to 2008.  </text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1004">
                <text>"DBDRUSQ," Global Financial Database, accessed April 27, 2014, https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/gfdplatform/Analytics.aspx.</text>
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                <text>Global Financial Database</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1006">
                <text>Hunter Fortney</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1007">
                <text>Hunter Fortney</text>
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                <text>4/27/14</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Russian 10 Year Ruble-Denominated Bond </text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This chart shows the yield of the 10 year ruble denominated bond. The yield on this bond spiked during periods of uncertainty such as 1998 and 2008 and declined in periods of optimism. The yield was particularly low between 2003-2008. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Hunter Fortney</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1011">
                <text>"IGRUS10D," Global Financial Database, accessed April 28, 2014, https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/gfdplatform/Analytics.aspx.</text>
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                <text>4/28/14</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Russian Ruble-Denominated Corporate and Municipal Bond Yields</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This chart shows the yields of Russian ruble-denominated corporate and municipal debt. Both issuances started around 2003. From around 2003-2008, yields on municipal and corporate bonds declines by almost 50% from almost 12% per year to around 6% by 2008. The yields spiked during the global financial crisis of 2008, when foreign investors retreated from Russia and other emerging markets for safer locations. After the crisis subsided, foreign investors displayed their renewed faith in Russia by, once again, accepting lower yields.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1014">
                <text>"IGRUSMD vs. INRUSXD," Global Financial Database, accessed April 28, 2014, https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/gfdplatform/Analytics.aspx.</text>
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                <text>Global Financial Database</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Nominal Ruble Exchange Rate</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This is a graph of the nominal ruble exchange rate over time. The ruble starts at the strongest level and depreciates over time.  When the ruble was first allowed to float in 1998, it depreciated by 75% before stabilizing. The ruble depreciated again by almost 30% during the 2008 financial crisis. Besides those two sharp depreciations, the ruble has been fairly stable. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Hunter Fortney</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1019">
                <text>"XRNRUSM," Global Financial Database, accessed April 28, 2014, https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/gfdplatform/Analytics.aspx.</text>
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                <text>Global Financial Database</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>4/28/14</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>online map</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Timeline sample</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Screenshot of the Unit 1 timeline</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Kelly O'Neill</text>
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        <name>Assignment: Trajectories</name>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>GKO Yields</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This chart shows the  yields (on an annually adjusted basis) of Russian short-term, ruble-denominated bonds, called GKO's. During the mid-90s, foreign investors poured money into GKO's driving yields down from over 100% in 1995 to as low as 17.2% in early 1997. In 1998, when foreign investors realized the dire fiscal position of the Russian Federation, they started to repatriate their assets, driving the GKO yield up to new highs. This chart also shows how quickly the Russian government was able to issue new GKO's after the 1998 default, and at lower yields! Yields on these new GKO’s started at 17% and by 2004 dropped to only 2.4%, reflecting foreign investors perception of almost no risk in these bonds. In 2004, the Russian government stopped issuing GKO's because it no longer needed to borrow money (due to its large fiscal surplus).</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Hunter Fortney</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>"Russian Monthly Interest Rates," Econ Stats, accessed May 1, 2014, http://www.econstats.com/r/rrus__m2.htm. The data originally comes from the Russian Central Bank http://www.cbr.ru/eng/statistics/print.aspx?file=credit_statistics/interest_rates_10_e.htm&amp;pid=cdps&amp;sid=svodProcStav.</text>
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                <text>EconStats</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>5/1/2014</text>
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