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                <text>Kunstkamera</text>
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                <text>This is the first home of the Russian Academy of Sciences, built in the 1710s. Peter the Great had it constructed in conjunction with his establishment of the Academy. What is most notable about this facility is how nice it is—clearly Peter places a great deal of importance on this organization, and therefore it must have modern and beautiful facilities. Beyond just the exterior beauty, it was built specifically for scientific work as a museum and for the Academy. This dedication to providing for scientific research, especially for the initial founding of an organization with nothing to show for itself at the time, demonstrates how far ahead Peter was looking into the future. The foundation he established here with the Academy would yield great dividends for Russia and the Soviet Union in times to come.</text>
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                <text>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstkamera</text>
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                <text>1719</text>
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                <text>Mendeleev's table of the elements</text>
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                <text>This is a picture of the periodic table located adjacent to a statue of Dmitri Mendeleev in St. Petersburg. Mendeleev pioneered the structure of the table, which greatly increased understanding of chemical interactions. The periodic table is an example of Russian scientific exploration breaking new ground, setting the state for future progress. The only reason Mendeleev was not inducted into the Russian Academy of Sciences is moral objections due to his rapid remarriage following his divorce. The insight of periodicity in elemental behavior accurately predicted discovery of elements later on. Numerous distinctions awarded today are named after him. The Russian Academy of Sciences awards a medal named after Mendeleev to significant work each year in chemistry, there is a subway line named after him, and a chemistry university named after him. The amount of recognition he still gets 150 years afterwards shows how much his work in science is valued by the nation.</text>
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                <text>This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.</text>
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                <text>Due to the most recent internet law, Russia is now cracking down on bloggers and other internet freedoms. This cartoon depicts negatively FSB surveillance as a way to criticize the law.</text>
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                <text>Victor Davidoff, “An Internet Censorship Law Right out of 1984,” The Moscow Times, April 27, 2014, accessed May 4, 2014, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/an-internet-censorship-law-right-out-of-1984/498982.html. </text>
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                <text>April 2014, when the law passed the State Duma</text>
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                <text>Claire Carter, “Olympic Charter: Google Doodle Enters Sochi Gay Rights Debate,” Telegraph, February 7, 2914, accessed May 4, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/google-doodle/10623519/Olympic-Charter-Google-Doodle-enters-Sochi-gay-rights-debate.html.</text>
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                <text>“Google Maps Marks Crimea as Russia...But Only in Russia,” RT, April 11, 2014, accessed May 4, 2014, http://rt.com/news/google-maps-crimea-russian-924/.</text>
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                <text>Richmond, Yale. "Cultural Exchange and the Cold War: How Art Influenced Policy." Journal of Arts Management, Law &amp; Society 35 (2005): 239-245.</text>
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                <text>https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/masses/issues/t078-v09n12-m76-oct-1917-masses.pdf&#13;
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                <text>The Masses was published by Max Eastman from 1911 through 1917. It was an socialist arts and literary magazine publishing nonfiction in addition to art, cartoons, fiction and poetry. Following the passage of The Espionage Act in 1917, several attempts were made to label The Masses treasonous. Finally, a number of editors were indicted for obstructing military recruitment. In two consecutive trials the jury was unable to come to a unanimous decision. John Reed, who had been in Russia when first indicted, traveled back to New York for the trial, which came to represent attempted censorship of the leftist media. The Masses was succeeded by The Liberator and later by The New Masses. Each of these later iterations was more closely associated with the American Communist Party. &#13;
&#13;
Of the images presented here, two are illustrations from The Masses. The second, a cartoon was reprinted from a French publication, Les Homme de Jour.  The third is a poem published in The Liberator by Max Eastman. &#13;
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                <text>&lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;American journalists John Reed and Louise Bryant provided vivid accounts of their first-hand experiences of the October Revolution. Reed published his experiences in the book &lt;em&gt;Ten Days that Shook the World.&lt;/em&gt; Bryant published &lt;em&gt;Six Red Months in Russia&lt;/em&gt;. Both were prolific contributors to the socialist political and literary magazines of the time including A Revolutionary Age, The Communist, The Masses, and The Liberator, among others, in addition to mainstream media outlets. Bryant, in particular was widely published by Hearst media and became known for her sympathetic coverage of the Bolsheviks. As talented writers and witnesses to the Revolution, and on the basis of their access to leading Bolshevik political figures including Lenin and Trotsky, the couple became powerful voices for the &amp;ldquo;truth of Russia&amp;rdquo; during the immediate post-Revolutionary period.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;ldquo;On the grey horizon of human existence looms a great giant called Working Class Consciousness&amp;hellip; It all depends on us whether he will turn into a loathsome, ugly monster demanding human sacrifices or whether he shall be the saviour of mankind. We must use great foresight, patience, understanding.... We must somehow make an honest effort to understand what is happening in Russia.&amp;rdquo; - Louise Bryant, &lt;/em&gt;Six Red Months in Russia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>American journalists John Reed and Louise Bryant provided vivid accounts of their first-hand experiences of the October Revolution. Reed published his experiences in the book&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Ten Days that Shook the World.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Braynt published &lt;em&gt;Six Red Months in Russia&lt;/em&gt;. Both were prolific contributors to the socialist political and literary magazines of the time including&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;A Revolutionary Age&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The Communist&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The Masses&lt;/em&gt;, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The Liberator,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;among others.</text>
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                <text>Vanguard Studies of Soviet Russia Epigraph</text>
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                <text>This epigraph accompanied each edition of The Vanguard Studies of Soviet Russia.  Presumably composed by Davis, it is particularly curious for its poetic sincerity in contrast to the relatively dry texts on such subjects as Soviet economic organization. In its carefully structured line breaks it brackets the periods of turmoil and the struggle for freedom, narrowing towards the ultimate symbol – the common people. It functions to bind the series’ quest for facts with a cultural picture of what it means to be Russian in the Soviet era. Several words jump out as characteristic of the leftist media’s cultural portrayal of the Soviet Union. Brotherhood is of course a founding idea, but this equality is characterized by the “sincere” populous. &#13;
&#13;
In this exhibit, this epigraph is used to capture the tone of leftist writing about Russia, after a decade of vibrant communist publications. Such a dedication, and the way it characterizes the Russian populous, I will argue, are products of the cultural aesthetic presented during the years immediately following the Revolution. &#13;
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                <text>Proclamation by the Communist Party, USA Central Executive Council, 1919</text>
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                <text>Tamiment Library, New York University. &#13;
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tamiment/887446344/in/set-72157603091842255/</text>
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                <text>Cathedral in Moscow</text>
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                <text>The Roman Catholic Cathedral in Moscow. The Catholic Church is not interested in "poaching" the Orthodox faithful in Russia from their Orthodox congregations, but rather in preaching the Gospel to unbelievers in Russia. Despite bouts of intense persecution, the Catholic Church in Russia is now growing rapidly. Unthinkable under the Soviet years, they now even use beautiful buildings like the pictured cathedral.  The upgrading  in the administrative structure of the Catholic Church in Russia  helped to contribute to the construction of buildings like this, but it also caused intense controversy in the earlier part of the last decade. The fact that this controversy seems to be cooling down at least somewhat and the Catholics can use this building in peace is a positive indicator for the Catholic hopes of reconciliation.  By their particular presence in Moscow, home of the Patriarchate of the largest Orthodox Church, they hope to work to narrow the Great Schism of 1054 that separates Western Christianity from Eastern Christianity. </text>
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                <text>Picture from Rzhevsky, Sergei. "Picturesque Catholic Cathedral of Moscow City." 11 January 2014. Accessed 4 May 2014 &lt;http://russiatrek.org/blog/photos/picturesque-catholic-cathedral-of-moscow-city/&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Paul in Damascus</text>
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                <text>The Apostle Paul preaching in the synagogue of Damascus. Paul was a Jewish rabbi and persecutor of Christians until he became a Christian. While before this point all of the Christians were of Jewish background, God sent Paul to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. It was Paul who set out the theology that Jews and Gentiles who believe in Christ as their Lord and Savior are equal in the eyes of God, "for God shows no partiality." (Epistle to the Romans, 2:11) Paul preached this message of righteousness by faith throughout the Mediterranean, persecuted by Jews and Gentiles alike. Besides his preaching, he expounded this message in writing in several of the books of the New Testament (Epistles to the Romans and Galatians, in particular). If even the Jews, who were originally the sole inheritors of the promises to God, are no longer exceptional, then how could the Russians be?</text>
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                <text>Drovdahl, Robert. "Close to Corinth." Accessed 4 May 2014 &lt;https://spu.edu/depts/uc/response/new/2012-spring/bible-theology/close-to-corinth.asp&gt;. (image)</text>
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                <text>c. AD 35</text>
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                <text>Our Lady of Fatima</text>
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                <text>In 1917 in Fatima, Portugal, accompanying a miracle that was seen by 50,000 people, three young children, including Lucia de Jesus Santos, saw  several apparitions of the Virgin Mary. One of the messages was a vivid vision of hell. Another of her messages of the Virgin was that the Pope needed to consecrate Russia to her Immaculate Heart, and then there would be a period of world peace and Russia would be converted. On the other hand, if there was no such consecration, then "Russia would spread her errors" and there would be war and persecution of the Church. The Pope issued several consecrations of the entire world to Mary's Immaculate Heart over the decades, and eventually Russia in particular was consecrated in 1952. Although there is still some controversy over whether the Pope fulfilled the specific conditions, Sister Lucia says that Russia was indeed consecrated in a valid way.</text>
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                <text>"Fatima: A Grace For Mankind." Accessed 4 May 2014 &lt;http://www.ewtn.com/fatima/&gt;.&#13;
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Mauriello, Matthew R. "Our Lady of Fatima." April 1999. Accessed 4 May 2014 &lt;http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/meditations/Apr99.html&gt;.</text>
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