1
15
158
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/f28cc0dca7f9fea7bcbfc12daecc805a.jpg
86d7d45677daa1c8bfa0d1f25c0d2c4b
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/05098bd0cf93c17990f5fb6fb042876b.mp3
66497fb7fa90373d039343029c490b95
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/a0420391b0899d5a9c1884942daaf486.jpg
668b1c1300d35e7e232196a03c3dd279
Sound
A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ziesla Skakon
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hunter Fortney
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Oral Interview with Melvin Scott (Ziesla Skakon's son); Horodets, last modified 2003, http://www.brest-belarus.org/br/Horodets/Horodets.i.html, accessed 4/24/2014.; Gorodets: A Quarter Century (1914-1939) last modified 2014 by Tixkor Book Project Manager, Lance Ackerfeld, http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/gorodets/gor139.html, accessed 4/24/14.;Ziesla Scottt, Ellis Island Record, http://www.ellisisland.org/search/passRecord.asp?MID=16225958900913323072&LNM=SKAKON&PLNM=SKAKON&first_kind=1&last_kind=0&TOWN=null&SHIP=null&RF=6&pID=100120020095, accessed 4/24/14.;Journey to America, http://www.mattivifamily.com/immigration/journey_to_america/journey_to_america.html, accessed 4/24/14.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1897-1988
Immigration Between the Wars
oral history
vantage points
Women
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/796368fc09c8e189f0bd164c3d65db7c.png
cd2b95034db1220646246802d602c5ed
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/6b5fdbf4357e54d128e6d82028e431a6.png
292b6941701d0a23fb8dd1225d37e254
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Young Worker, Feb 1922
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/youngworker/v1n1-feb-1922-yw.pdf
Description
An account of the resource
Directed towards leftist American youth, Young Worker took a more pedagogical tone than other publications. Each issue devoted pages to instructing its readers in how to think about the issues of the day, and to projects of self-improvement. This issue contains an article titled “Think Economically!” that instructs young workers in how to conceive of their working lives in order to mobilize the American Proletariat. Other articles provide historical perspectives on youth movements in Europe and in America.
The piece from which these images are excerpted instructs the reader not to be too trusting of the mass media. “What is the Press?” it opens, somewhat pedantically, “This is very important and something we should all understand, for it is the Press that moulds Public Opinion.” The article goes on to explain how the capitalist press is shaped by the opinions of its owners, who form syndicates with the express purpose of deceiving the populace. It advises to beware of the vested interests of these magnates, who often have stakes in other industries. For example: if there is a strike in a mine, a newspaper owner with stake in steelworks will publish lies about the demands of the striking workers. The perspective taken here captures the opinion of many American communists that the biases in the media were the result of a strategic propagandistic mechanism.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Young Workers League
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Feb. 1922
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/b31c09cc9e448fe7caa3871ca3b449e9.png
e022e118dddf331d805c6b483c4c45a2
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
~1-2 months
Event Type
Diplomatic and economic relations visit
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
President Boris Yeltsin
President George Bush Sr.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Yeltsin Visits the White House in 1992
Subject
The topic of the resource
Russian America, Part 4
Description
An account of the resource
U.S.-Russian relations improved following the collapse of the Soviet Union. President Boris Yeltsin's visited the White House in January 1992 in an attempt to strengthen ties between the countries. This was a momentous visit during which Yeltsin and Bush discussed nuclear arms proliferation and reduction terms, as well as economic issues. In fact, President Bush helped Russia join the World Bank and IMF.
A key quote from a declaration they ended up making together was that "Russia and the United States do not regard each other as potential adversaries," thus demonstrating that the established goal had been met.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 4
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/rs/200years/c30273.htm#yeltsin_visit
http://russiancouncil.ru/en/inner/?id_4=1694#top
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
January to February 1992
Assignment: Trajectories
Camp David
Cooperation
International relations
New Era
Partnership
Post-USSR
Strategic importance
United States
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/0aac16fce1c9da46d0bc73b5993cbefd.png
fd3844e5721e0beb9f5f300bb4d0a2a1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
images of russianness
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
workers suits
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/757e266f68dd477e893bee4375d6cf65.jpg
ecbca1962c3ab0b2e91e6c51f25c27c2
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/99281bf8178f4095cf698d5052fb0869.mp3
1fdb536d2f153c7bb31e7e30e40e8b71
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/f915a2416e9ff1ca2d41a89409843733.jpg
0a7f55fb87a48779036d7931b8d2a162
Sound
A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Wera Saron
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nancy O'Neil
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Hill, Jayme Rae. From the Brothel to the Block: Politics and Prostitution in Baltimore During the Progressive Era. Ann Arbor: ProQuest, 2008. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. Koman, Rita G. Ellis Island: The Immigrants Experience. OAH Magazine of History 13.4 (1999): 31-37. Print. Murray-Seegert, Carola. The Mechanics of Emigration: One Familys Story. JewishGen.org. Geneaology. N. p., Aug. 2012. The New York Times. A Veritable Pest Ship. The New York Times 10 Sept. 1892. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1864-1923
Immigration
Judaism
Moscow
oral history
vantage points
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/78633f0dc3bcc68e276b551a9d39c356.jpg
4ec659c1f0af35f16970a96047e03a17
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Welcome to the New Russia
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jenna Louie
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
“About IKEA Shopping Centers Russia.” Сайт Торговых Центров МЕГА. Accessed April 10, 2014. http://megamall.ru/en/company/.
Description
An account of the resource
Featuring the bold statement, “Welcome to the New Russia,” this cartoon illustration depicts the imagined skyscrapers (in tandem with the ever-present spires of Saint Basil’s Cathedral) in Moscow’s Khimki Park region where IKEA Russia has recently invested millions to develop a new state of the art business complex. Featured here are all of the accoutrements of modern technology and transport – a plane, helicopter, satellite, radio transmitter, automobile, truck – which suggest that these are all envisioned as part of this “new” Russia that IKEA is helping to build. Additionally, the illustration points out the commercial success of IKEA’s stores across the Russian state, mentioning the 466 billion Euros of retail turnover in 2011. Yet this impressive figure is simply one facet within the larger scheme of IKEA’s presence as the largest commercial shopping center operator in the country. In total, the cartoon portrays IKEA’s self-visioning as an integral part of the wave of modernization and commercialization taking place in Moscow today.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000
Commerce
Economy
IKEA
Modernity
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/bbe813cadb245a660012495e1b1f8686.jpg
f99fa09747c265cae76070fa21a5db0c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
images of russianness
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
veiled woman
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/aa3123c60ef76e536ce0149720a94f0c.jpg
e88d8fd36345cbca9050d896ad656f52
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vanguard Studies of Soviet Russia Epigraph
Description
An account of the resource
This epigraph accompanied each edition of The Vanguard Studies of Soviet Russia. Presumably composed by Davis, it is particularly curious for its poetic sincerity in contrast to the relatively dry texts on such subjects as Soviet economic organization. In its carefully structured line breaks it brackets the periods of turmoil and the struggle for freedom, narrowing towards the ultimate symbol – the common people. It functions to bind the series’ quest for facts with a cultural picture of what it means to be Russian in the Soviet era. Several words jump out as characteristic of the leftist media’s cultural portrayal of the Soviet Union. Brotherhood is of course a founding idea, but this equality is characterized by the “sincere” populous.
In this exhibit, this epigraph is used to capture the tone of leftist writing about Russia, after a decade of vibrant communist publications. Such a dedication, and the way it characterizes the Russian populous, I will argue, are products of the cultural aesthetic presented during the years immediately following the Revolution.
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/5f97a09fe8298390cabd4c0c6b61d084.jpg
36df28a0c47b1e2055de7500d6328346
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
images of russianness
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
unveiling
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/7138af87d408f9acf5f9837ca83b008f.JPG
afe41544cac4161b90367f23faf581e9
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Trent Affair
Description
An account of the resource
<p> Although the “Trent Affair” did not directly involve Russia, the affair demonstrated the need for the United States to bolster its diplomatic presence against British and French interests. In November 1861, the British government reacted angrily to news that an American ship had intercepted the British ship <em>Trent</em>. An American warship stopped the <em>Trent,</em> in international waters, in order to intercept “John Slidell and James Mason, Confederate emissaries to Paris and London, respectively.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> Britain demanded recompense for what it considered an illegal seizure of a British ship, and ultimately the United States released Slidell and Mason on the basis that “one war at a time” was a prudent measure.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn2">[2]</a> Even with the peaceful resolution, the incident highlighted the extent of Confederate efforts to sway European powers and the less-than-favorable position that the United States held in British opinion.</p>
<p> Since the Russian government had already extended its first words of support by 1861, Russia was certainly pleased to see the United States avoid open war with Britain. The Russian minister to the United States passed along a note of congratulations and reassurance “of the cordial sympathy which united the two countries.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn3">[3]</a> To emphasize this point on the world stage, the Russian government likewise sought permission from Cassius Clay to “have [the congratulations] printed in the Journal de St Petersbourg in order that it might exercise a favorable influence on European opinion.”<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftn4">[4]</a> In going to such public lengths to emphasize Russo-American friendship, the Russian government gave its reassurance that it supported the United States against British and French enmity.</p>
<div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>(Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952), 92.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref2">[2]</a> <em>Ibid</em>, 93.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930), 126.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Samuel/Dropbox/Harvard/SW%2052/Final%20Project/Trent%20Affair%20Item.docx#_ftnref4">[4]</a> <em>Ibid</em>.</p>
</div>
</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Samuel Coffin
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<div>
<p>Benjamin Platt Thomas, <em>Russo-American Relations, 1815-1867</em>. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1930.<br /><br />Albert A. Woldman. <em>Lincoln and the Russians. </em>Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1952.</p>
</div>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
November 1861
Confederacy
Diplomacy
Russia
United Kingdom
United States
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/74c20c61ff263c46b3baed509b4536ed.jpg
ea57dd4149a8f5e7486a8c42aeee725d
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
One day
Event Type
Signing of a treaty
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
Russia and Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Treaty of Georgievsk
Description
An account of the resource
In 1783, the Treaty of Georgievsk was signed, between the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, in Eastern Georgia, under King Irlaki II, and Russia, under Catherine II. The relationship was initiated by King Irlaki II. The major elements that came out of the treaty were that King Irlaki II would submit to Russia (rather than the Ottoman empire), by way of “[determining] solemnly and precisely his duties with regard to the All-Russian Empire,” in the words of the treaty. In turn, Georgia would benefit from Russia's protection, or, according to the treaty, “the defense, support and refuge to the said [Georgian] people and to their Most Serene Sovereigns, against the oppression of their neighbors, to which they were susceptible.”
The Treaty of Georgievsk was not an endpoint on a trajectory, but rather the beginning of a longterm relationship that extended through the time of the Soviet Union. Soon after, in 1801, Paul I of Russia annexed Georgia.
While the incorporation of Georgia was indubitably an act of expansion, it is also an indication that Russia’s empire building and expansionist activities were not only a process of forced invasion, but could be one side of a mutually beneficial relationship. An article in The Voice of Russia points out that the treaty was helpful to both Russia and Georgia. Russia benefited from the opportunity to establish itself in the Caucasus region while, according to expert Felix Stanevsky, Georgia benefitted from a period of cultural freedom and richness. As indicated by the treaty, Gorgia also benefitted from the protection provided by Russia.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 5
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Yeltsin Presidential Library. “Treaty of Georgievsk signed 230 years ago - Eastern Georgia becomes a protectorate of Russia.” N.p. n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/history/pages/item.aspx?itemid=901>
“Dialogue of Cultures.” Voice of Russia. The Voice of Russia, 31 July 2013. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://voiceofrussia.com/2013_07_31/Dialogue-of-cultures-4225/>
Martin, Russell E. “Treaty of Georgievsk.” Westminster. N.p. n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.westminster.edu/staff/martinre/Treaty.html>
Solaris, Saltus. “Fragmentation of Oppressed Nations as an Instrument of Keeping W. Caucasus under Russian Control.” Live Journal, 12 June 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://baltvilks.livejournal.com/68540.html>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
July 24, 1783
Subject
The topic of the resource
Georgia, part 1
Assignment: Trajectories
Georgia
Geostrategic importance
Treaty
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/1fad2f4a89b73ec1b9eb836d37920964.jpg
0ec5b98e793839576a7d28e1d6dd2ff6
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
25 years (1891-1916)
Event Type
Construction of the trans-Siberian railroad in the Amur region.
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
Russian Empire
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Trans-Siberian Railroad
Description
An account of the resource
The Trans-Siberian Railroad was the material display of Russia’s desire for a permanent foothold on the Pacific coast. Not long after the Amur region had come under Russian control, the imperial government recognized the need for a railroad to connect the region with the Russian heartland. Such a railroad would bolster Russia’s internal development of the region and project Russia’s military power. Ames’ account of Russian railway construction provides a full description of the trans-Siberian railroad’s construction, but the most notable points regarding the Amur region is that construction began simultaneously at Vladivostok as in the west, and that the first completed segment ran through Manchuria. Ultimately, an all-Russia link would be completed in the Amur valley by 1916.
In particular, Russia’s desire for a militarily secure railroad arose from the concern that the Amur region, recently acquired from China, might return to the Chinese. Fears of reconquest by demographic means became common in the period. These fears had real roots in the massive settlement program, described by Marks, that the Qing dynasty had enacted in Manchuria. The notion of a few Russian outposts against the entirety of China would remain a latent ethnic concern even into the Soviet and modern era, and the trans-Siberian railroad was a means of improving the odds of permanent Russian settlement in the Amur region.
However, the greater railroad projects in the Amur region did not simply represent a means of bolstering Russia against the Chinese threat. In the late 19th century, Russia saw itself as much of a colonial power as any European state, and the railroad held promises of facilitating a Russian expansion into China. Marks notes how the most ambitious of Russians even hoped for an expansion of Orthodoxy into China through railroads extending into China. While that would not come to pass, the construction of the trans-Siberian railroad and its Manchurian branches provided the infrastructure needed for any sort of economic, military, or social control over China by Russia.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 3
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Ames, Edward. "A century of Russian railroad construction: 1837-1936."American Slavic and East European Review (1947): 57-74.
Marks, Steven Gary. Road to Power: The Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Colonization of Asian Russia, 1850-1917. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
"File:Banknote 5000 rubles (1997) back.jpg" From Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Accessed February 12, 2014. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Banknote_5000_rubles_%281997%29_back.jpg
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1891-1916
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amur Region, Part 3
Amur Region
Assignment: Trajectories
China
Places
Railroads
Russian Empire
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/481731ac8024fc879ca4277f960c5143.png
cde92595a2ae19149e4fc0c6505f8844
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
online map
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Timeline sample
Description
An account of the resource
Screenshot of the Unit 1 timeline
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kelly O'Neill
Assignment: Trajectories
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/8174246f8772d06881f26b4398bf1c29.jpg
8c6b4c898c2d940b2d217da23893f913
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Treaty of Nerchinsk
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amur Region, part 1
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 3
Description
An account of the resource
As Russia sent explorers and settlers eastward in the mid-seventeenth century, they struggled over the land in the Amur basin. At the time of Yerofei Khabarov’s 1649 expedition, one bank of the Amur river was ruled by the Daurians and the other by the Manchu, at the time the ruling dynasty of China. Khabarov captured a Daurian fortress that he called Albazino and installed a Russian settlement there, which fought against the Manchu in numerous battles and sieges. Several times the settlers escaped from Albazino to Nerchinsk, where they regrouped before returning to the fortress. Only 100 of the 800 settlers escaped from a 1685 siege, but returned the next year. The next siege lasted a full year and was more deadly still, leaving 40 out of 900 settlers alive. Finally, in 1689, Russian and Manchu delegations met at Nerchinsk to agree on a treaty that gave the Amur region to the Manchu rulers of China.
The Treaty of Nerchinsk gave the lands of the upper Amur to China and called for the destruction of the Russian settlement at Albazino, with the Chinese promising not to populate the Amur basin. The treaty also opened trade with China and included provisions allowing travel and extradition of criminals between Russia and China. China’s northern boundary was extended, now marked by the river Gorbitsa, and a neutral zone was left between the river Ud and the frontier mountains. However, with a lack of both accurate maps and clear descriptions the exact boundary was and is ambiguous.Because the treaty was written using Latin as a lingua franca and translated into Russian and Manchu separately, a great number of differences exist between the various translations, exacerbating the boundary ambiguities. This border between Russia and China held, legally if not precisely, from 1689 until the Treaty of Aigun in 1858.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
The Territorial Terms of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689. V. S. Frank. Pacific Historical Review , Vol. 16, No. 3 (Aug., 1947) , pp. 265-270
"The Amur's siren song." The Economist. Dec 17th 2009. http://www.economist.com/node/15108641
"Treaty of Nerchinsk, the first treaty between Russia and China, concluded." Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. Web. 10 Feb 2014. http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=658.
Image source: http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2009-11/09/treaty_of_nerchinsk__the_first_treaty_between_russia_and_china8ece83df84e905ad63a3.jpg
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1689-1858
Amur Region
Assignment: Trajectories
Borders
Places
Treaty
-
https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/d5a1a3429e790b82f502eea7f1fb2f90.jpg
bfa8e1eca1c4080b19f72e928ddcac1b
Event
A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
1858
Event Type
Treaty
Participants
Names of individuals or groups participating in the event
Count Nikolas Muravyov-Amursky of the Russian Empire and Yishan, official of the Qing Dynasty.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Treaty of Aigun
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amur Region, Part 2
Description
An account of the resource
The Amur region grew in importance for Russia during the 1850s. Count Nikolas Muravyov-Amursky led expeditions into the region during the first part of the decade, and during the Crimean War of 1853-1856, the Russian presence in the Amur region was expanded significantly. The Amur River became an important waterway for the Russian military as gateway to the Pacific, and several military outposts were built. With the increased settlement, the region was virtually controlled by Russia. China was unable to respond militarily to the challenge. While Russia was establishing outposts and assuming control of the nearby maritime region, China was taking part in a number of devastating conflicts. The Taiping Rebellion of 1850-1864, which wiped out a large number of Chinese citizens, coupled with the Second Anglo-Chinese War of 1856-1860, provided Russia with the opportunity to gain new territory in the frontier along the border.
The Treaty of Aigun, named after the Chinese town in which it was signed, was concluded in May 1858. The signers were the Russian Count Muravyov-Amursky and the Manchu official Yishan. As part of the treaty, Russia received all land north of the Amur River. Another large part of land to the east of the Ussuri River was also given to Russia. The Treaty of Aigun amounted to an estimated two million miles of new territory for Russia. In addition to territory, Russia gained more control over regional trade and near exclusivity in the use of the Amur, Ussuri, and Sungari Rivers. Two years later, the terms of the Treaty of Aigun would be confirmed in the Treaty of Beijing, which established the Ussuri River as the border between Russia and China. Despite the Treaty of Aigun and the Treaty of Beijing, the border between Russia and China was not agreed upon in manner precise enough as to prevent future conflict. China was fully aware that it had been forced into the Treaty of Aigun, and border disputes continued into the 20th century.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Group 3
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Tzou, Byron. China and International Law: The Boundary Disputes. 1st. ed. New York: Praeger, 1990. 47-48. Print.
" Russia and China end 300 year old border dispute." BBC World News (1997): BBC News. Web. 12 Feb 2014. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/analysis/29263.stm.
"Russian-Chinese Treaty of Aigun concluded 155 years ago." Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. 28 May 2013. Web. 12 Feb 2014. http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/history/pages/item.aspx?itemid=1042.
Picture: http://qingdynastyyong.blogspot.com/
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
May 1858
Amur Region
Assignment: Trajectories
China
Places
Russia