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                <text>A Revolutionary Age &#13;
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                <text>The Revolutionary Age was published from November 1918 to August 1919. Edited by Louis Fraina, the publication was initially based in Boston but moved to New York in the summer of 1919. Shortly thereafter the newspaper was disbanded entirely, giving way to its successor The Communist. Its full title, The Revolutionary Age: A Chronicle and Interpretation of Events in Europe, reflects the European-facing focus of the communist party at the time. In 1918 clear reports of the Bolshevik Revolution were lacking and many of The Revolutionary Age’s contributors, such as John Reed, had themselves witnessed the events. And in these early years the expansionist push of the Soviet Union was felt to be fast-moving in its spread toward Western Europe. A great deal of the news presented followed the spread of socialism in countries such as Germany and France. &#13;
&#13;
This headline, “Withdraw From Russia!” is particularly interesting in contrast to the New York Times headline also presented in this exhibit. Instead of depicting American forces as peacekeepers, the intervention is painted as an act of war. Furthermore – there is a disagreement between the two publications on what the “true Russia” is.  Where The New York Times called Tsarist Russia the true Russia, the Revolutionary Age puts Russianness in the hands of the people: “The Russian people who had the revolutionary energy to overthrow Czarism… would and could overthrow the Soviet Government if they wished to.” </text>
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                <text> Revolutionary Age 23 Nov. 1918: 4. Marxist Internet Archive. Web. 04 May 2014. https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/revolutionaryage/v1n02-nov-20-1918.pdf</text>
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                  <text>Here are the object biographies generated for the SW52 Unit 4 Assignment.</text>
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                <text>http://sophia.sophiakievska.org/node/57&#13;
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russians/history-and-mythology/yaroslav-the-wise/ (Russiapedia)http://sophia.sophiakievska.org/node/62  (The St. Sophia Cathedral Museum)</text>
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                <text>January 1, 1037/December 31,  2014</text>
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                <text>Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise</text>
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                <text>© Autonomous Nonprofit Organization “TV-Novosti”, 2005–2011. All rights reserved.&#13;
©2014 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All Rights Reserved.&#13;
© National Conservation Area  "St.Sophia of Kyiv", 2013&#13;
©2001 All Rights Reserved. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies.&#13;
© Copyright 1995-2014 NewMedia Holdings, Inc.. All rights reserved. All trademarks and web sites that appear throughout this site are the property of their respective owners. No part of this site shall be reproduced, copied, or otherwise distributed without our express, written consent. This site is not affiliated with any government entity associated with a name similar to the site domain name.</text>
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Stone</text>
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                <text>The St. Sophia’s Cathedral in Kiev is an important monument to the increasing influence of Orthodox Christianity, as well as the flourishing of Ukrainian artistic expression, under the reign of Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise of Kievan Rus.  This cathedral is a physical representation of the power of Kievan Rus at its height, but the cathedral also embodies a negative view of Russia in global perspective.  St. Sophia’s Cathedral, with its long history, demonstrates the darker aspect of Russianness that has a tendency to expand its influence ideologically, politically and geographically, often at the expense of local nationalities.</text>
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                <text>1) From Haven to Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America: A Century of Immigration, 1820-1924."  Library of Congress.  Library of Congress, n.d.  Web.  27 Apr. 2014.  2) "Pale of Settlement."  The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe.  YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2010.  Web.  27 Apr. 2014.  3)  "Hochman, Lea."  The National Archives.  U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.  Web.  27 Apr. 2014.  4)  "City of Rome (ship)."  The National Archives.  U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.  Web.  27 Apr. 2014.</text>
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                <text>1824?-?</text>
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                <text>The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a world-renowned music competition for singers, pianists, violinists and cellists held every four years at the Moscow Conservatory. The contest consists of several rounds of competition which are held in the performance halls of the Moscow Conservatory including the Great Hall. Winners of this prestigious musical contest can win up to 20,000 euros and often earn worldwide fame. Previous winners of the competition have included Van Cliburn and Deborah Voigt among others. </text>
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                <text>"Moscow Conservatory" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Conservatory&#13;
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                <text>The Moscow Conservatory contains three different performance halls, of which the most well-known is the "Great Hall." Opened in April 1901, the hall represents one of the most famous concerts venues throughout Russia and the world. In addition, students of the conservatory have also had the opportunity to perform here in performances open to the public. Thus, the "Great Hall" has served both amateur and professional musicians over the past century, a fundamental contributor to the spread of Russian classical music. </text>
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                <text>Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) was one of the most famous Russian-born classical music composers. He played a significant role in the establishment and development of a national musical culture. As a professor at the Moscow Conservatory, he worked fruitlessly disseminate Russian classical music. As a composer, Tchaikovsky wrote some of the greatest masterpieces of all time which are still popular today including "The Nutcracker", "Swan Lake", and "Sleeping Beauty".  In recognition of his musical genius and efforts, the government officially added his name to the Moscow Conservatory which became the Moscow 'Tchaikovsky' State Conservatory after 1940. &#13;
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                <text>The Lada 2100 (“Zhiguli”) was a type of car produced in the Soviet Union by the Lada company. The car, modeled after the Fiat 124 and marketed as the “people’s car” became available for purchase in 1970 in the Soviet Union. However, a commercial agreement with the Italian-maker Fiat restricted exportation until the Fiat 124 was no longer on the market. Therefore, after distribution of the Fiat 124 ceased in 1974, the Lada 2100 became available in Europe and Latin America. Although the car sold poorly due to its primitive construction, its production represented the advent of Soviet industrialization.</text>
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                <text>Sources:  Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. A History of Russia. New york: Oxford University Press, 2000. 200-230. Print.  "Beautiful Town Podolsk." Russia Travel. N.p.. Web. 28 Apr 2014. &lt;http://www.russia-travel.ws/regions/Podolsk/&gt;.  "Item: Ivan Feodor(-ovich) BUDZANItem: Ivan Feodor(-ovich) BUDZAN." Library and Archives Canada. N.p.. Web. 28 Apr 2014. &lt;http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/immigration/immigration-records/immigrants-russian-empire/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=63&amp;&gt;.</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>As the Soviet Union began its collapse, Moldova declared independence. Moldovan nationalists were giddy with freedom and proposed making Moldovan the national language. There was even talk of re-uniting with Romania. These changes did not sit well with the mostly Russian-speaking peoples east of the Dniester River, who subsequently declared independence from Moldova. A short war ensued that ended with the aid of the Soviet 14th army, which was still present on Transnistrian soil, and a peace treaty was signed. Since then Transnistria has been a de-facto independent state, recognized by none.</text>
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                <text>"Transnistria-Moldova Territorial Dispute (ICE)." Transnistria-Moldova Territorial Dispute (ICE). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014</text>
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                <text>Moldova, Part 3</text>
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                <text>This is a table equating groups of roman characters and cyrillic characters. In the 1920's, the Soviet Union attempted to unify Bessarabia (a region of Romania that used to be a part of the kingdom of Moldavia before the Ottoman Empire) and the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic (a region of the Soviet Empire). As a part of their attempt to create a new region, they applied the cyrillic alphabet to the language spoken by those of Moldovan descent. This language is virtually the same as Romanian and prior to the 1920's, was written in roman characters. In 1989, when the Moldova declared independence, the official language was changed back to being written in roman characters, except for in the region of Transnisteria, where the Cyrillic characters are still used to this day.</text>
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                <text>1924 - 1932 and 1938 - 1989.&#13;
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                <text>The Gagauz people are an Orthodox Turkic people mostly living in Moldova. Originally living in Bulgaria, they were given incentives to re-settle to Moldova by the Russians following the Russo-Turkish wars in order to settle an under-cultivated region. </text>
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                <text>Menz, Astrid. "The Gagauz." Çagatay &amp; Kuban (2006): 370-383.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Russian Presence in Transnistria</text>
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                <text>The Dniester Moldavian Republic is a small strip of land in between Moldova and Ukraine. Dniesterians have been trying to separate from Moldova since 1989, either by forming their own state or by joining Russia. They are not recognized by other countries as an independent state, and neither does Russia support their effort to join them. It is in Russia's best strategical efforts for the Dniester region (otherwise known as Transnisteria) to remain a part of Moldova because this way they can influence Moldova and Romania. Russia has had a brigade of "peace keeping troops" stationed in the Dniester region since 1989. This letter is written to the Joint Control Command (the name of the peace keepers) congratulating them on their 25 anniversary of keeping the peace between the Dniester Region and the rest of Moldova. The letter was written July 29, 2010. &#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Soviet NKVD&#13;
Josef Stalin&#13;
Lavrentiy Beria&#13;
Polish prisoners </text>
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                <text>The Katyn Forest Massacre occurred in 1940.  Under orders from Josef Stalin, the Soviet NKVD executed approximately 20,000 Polish officers, landlords, officials and intellectuals whom they had previously been holding in prison camps.  The victims were killed by a shot to the back of the head and dumped in mass graves in the Katyn Forest, which is near present-day Smolensk, Russia.  The Nazi forces discovered the mass graves in 1943 and used the discovery of the crime as a form of propaganda against the Soviets.  The Soviet government, in turn, blamed the massacre on the Germans.  It was not until the early 1990s that the government in Moscow acknowledged Soviet culpability for the massacre in  the Katyn Forest.</text>
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                <text>Geldern, James von.  "1943: Katyn Forest Massacre."  Seventeen Moments in Soviet History.  MATRIX, 2014.  Web.  8 Feb. 2014.&#13;
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