1 15 158 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/f7bbec6f6dbdeb290b71a586a6ab6ce6.jpg 4a46e614254b26e734790c14acb2bdac Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Two months Event Type Massacre Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Soviet NKVD Josef Stalin Lavrentiy Beria Polish prisoners Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katyn Forest Massacre Description An account of the resource The Katyn Forest Massacre occurred in 1940. Under orders from Josef Stalin, the Soviet NKVD executed approximately 20,000 Polish officers, landlords, officials and intellectuals whom they had previously been holding in prison camps. The victims were killed by a shot to the back of the head and dumped in mass graves in the Katyn Forest, which is near present-day Smolensk, Russia. The Nazi forces discovered the mass graves in 1943 and used the discovery of the crime as a form of propaganda against the Soviets. The Soviet government, in turn, blamed the massacre on the Germans. It was not until the early 1990s that the government in Moscow acknowledged Soviet culpability for the massacre in the Katyn Forest. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Geldern, James von. "1943: Katyn Forest Massacre." Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. MATRIX, 2014. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katyn_massacre_5.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April and May 1940 Subject The topic of the resource Poland, part 4 Assignment: Trajectories Massacre Places Poland Soviets https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/4d51dcfa4568cbfeffca7b513138050b.png 306ba04d43e6670a85cdde914760ec12 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 23 years Event Type Partition Annexation Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Russia Poland Austria Prussia Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Partitions of Poland Description An account of the resource The Three Partitions of Poland took place in 1772, 1793 and 1795. These partitions erased an independent Poland from the world map for over one hundred years, dividing Polish territory up between Russia, Austria and Prussia. From the Russian perspective, Poland needed to be absorbed into Russia because, at this time, Poland was undergoing a process of national reform and democratization that threatened Russian power. The Three Partitions greatly increased Russian influence in the context of Eurasia. Note that the borders shown on our map correspond to the borders of 1750, not the modern-day Polish borders. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Congress, Library of. Ed. Glenn E. Curtis. "Poland: Historical Setting." About.com: Medieval History. About.com, 2014. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Partitions_of_Poland.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Religions_in_Poland_1750.PNG Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1772-1795 Subject The topic of the resource Poland, part 2 Annexation Assignment: Trajectories Partition Places Poland https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/f4c45c4d350a2cab536c27f0fe04182e.jpg f57fda419c41c0c66289c755877bd35d Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Nine days Event Type Papal visit to Poland Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Pope John Paul II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pope John Paul II's Visit to Poland Subject The topic of the resource Poland, Part 5 Description An account of the resource In 1979, Pope John Paul II visited Poland and was greeted by massive crowds of Poles demanding to worship God. These crowds, in part for want of religious freedom, later contributed to the Solidarity movement that overturned the Communist government of Poland. This set the stage for the collapse of the Berlin Wall and then the fall of the Soviet Union. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bernstein, Richard. "Did John Paul Help Win the Cold War? Just Ask the Poles." Accessed 10 February 2014. 6 April 2005 http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/06/international/worldspecial2/06communism.html?_r=0 Noonan, Peggy. "'We Want God.'" Accessed 10 February 2014. 7 April 2005 http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB122479408458463941 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_John_Paul_II_outside_Italy (for image) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1979 Fall of Communism Orthodoxy Poland Religion Roman Catholicism Solidarity https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/b31c09cc9e448fe7caa3871ca3b449e9.png e022e118dddf331d805c6b483c4c45a2 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) ~1-2 months Event Type Diplomatic and economic relations visit Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event President Boris Yeltsin President George Bush Sr. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yeltsin Visits the White House in 1992 Subject The topic of the resource Russian America, Part 4 Description An account of the resource U.S.-Russian relations improved following the collapse of the Soviet Union. President Boris Yeltsin's visited the White House in January 1992 in an attempt to strengthen ties between the countries. This was a momentous visit during which Yeltsin and Bush discussed nuclear arms proliferation and reduction terms, as well as economic issues. In fact, President Bush helped Russia join the World Bank and IMF. A key quote from a declaration they ended up making together was that "Russia and the United States do not regard each other as potential adversaries," thus demonstrating that the established goal had been met. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/rs/200years/c30273.htm#yeltsin_visit http://russiancouncil.ru/en/inner/?id_4=1694#top Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January to February 1992 Assignment: Trajectories Camp David Cooperation International relations New Era Partnership Post-USSR Strategic importance United States https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/90b82d185a7ebdee203e38e191be461d.png 36216d3e75d60a4e1cee93c7ccec67ad Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 41 years and counting Event Type Immigration history Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Russian immigrants Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russian Immigrant Settlement in the U.S. Subject The topic of the resource Russian America, Part 3 Description An account of the resource U.S.-Russia relations have improved at times and worsened at others which has significantly contributed to rates of immigration. Over the past few centuries, Russian immigration has ebbed and flowed due to changing Soviet policy. During the 1970s, the relaxation of these policies on emigration allowed for the influx of Russian immigrants to the U.S. For example, Brighton Beach, a community neighboring Brooklyn, N.Y., served as a major destination for Russian emigres beginning in 1973. Although immigrants began arriving during and after World War II, the majority immigrated in the 1970s after the Soviet Union relaxed emigration policies. Brighton Beach is also known as "Little Odessa", due to the large percentage of its residents who originate from Odessa. In addition, is also a hub of criminal and mafia activity. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Idov, Michael. "New York Magazine." NYMag.com. N.p., 2 Apr. 2009. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://nymag.com/guides/everything/brighton-beach/>. Keteyian, Armen. "Undercover Look Inside The Russian Mob." CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 13 May 2008. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/undercover-look-inside-the-russian-mob/>. Lewine, Edward. "From Brighton Beach to America; The Wave of Immigrants Began 25 Years Ago. Soon Russian Filled the Streets. Now, the Tide Is Ebbing.." The New York Times. The New York Times, 13 Mar. 1999. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/nyregion/brighton-beach-america-wave-immigrants-began-25-years-ago-soon-russian-filled.html>. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/undercover-look-inside-the-russian-mob/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-Present Assignment: Trajectories Cultural Community Identity-building Immigration Little Odessa Mafia Places Post-USSR Settlements https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/f41e1d22730b7d9d577fbef67cc16dde.jpg 4f70f028574ce8cbc2e096e32c8809c0 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 83 years Event Type Settlement Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Grigory Shelikhov Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource First Russian Settlement in Alaska Subject The topic of the resource Russian America, Part 1 Description An account of the resource Alaska was the site of the first major Russian settlement in North America. Grigory Shelikhov (1747-1795), a fur trader, established the Three Saints Bay colony at Kodiak Island. For the next century this colony represented a core area for fur trading in the region and became the center of further exploration and trade. In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward engineered the sale of the Alaskan territory from Russia to the U.S. for $7.2 million. Alaska officially became a U.S. territory on October 18 after President Jackson signed an official treaty. The Russian exploration of North America represented in the 18th century represented the foundation of the relationship between the two nations, foreshadowing future collaboration and conflict. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Photo." Discover Kodiak. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.kodiak.org/image_gallery>. "Polish/Russian - Soviet Exiles - Immigration...- Classroom Presentation | Teacher Resources - Library of Congress." Polish/Russian - Soviet Exiles - Immigration...- Classroom Presentation | Teacher Resources - Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/polish3.html>. "Russians Settle Alaska." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/russians-settle-alaska>. "Russians and East Europeans in America." Russians and East Europeans in America. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~gstudies/russia/lessons/backgd.htm>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1784-1867 Assignment: Trajectories Economy Fur Trade Places Settlements United States https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/5f6ccdc9bbeba698c685634395a40137.jpg c5bfd735f911aaf581777cf1f6f34cb4 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 8 months Event Type Diplomatic controversy Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Edward Snowden Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Snowden Controversy Subject The topic of the resource Russian-America, Part 5 Description An account of the resource The recent controversy surrounding Edward Snowden has again tested the relationship between Russia and the United States. On June 23, 2013, Edward Snowden, the National Security Agency contractor who leaked thousands of pages of classified information, arrived in the Moscow airport, creating a standoff between the United States and Russia. The United States requested that Russia extradite Snowden, who had been charged under the espionage act, while Russia claimed that Snowden was in the airport transit zone and not technically within Russia. After 40 days in the airport, Russia granted Snowden temporary asylum, much to the United States’ dismay. Snowden remains in Russia in an undisclosed location to this day. Snowden's actions are representative of political dissent akin to the Rosenbergs' espionage that occured nearly half a century earlier. Both cases pitted Russia and the U.S. against each other. The most recent case has driven a significant wedge between the two countries. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Luhn, Alec. "Edward Snowden passed time in airport reading and surfing internet." theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media, 1 Aug. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/01/edward-snowden-airport-reading>. Walker, Shaun. "Edward Snowden: first photo appears since Russian asylum granted." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 11 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/10/edward-snowden-first-photo-russian-asylum>. Merced, Michael. "Russia Plans to Extend Snowden Asylum, Lawmaker Says." The New York Times. The New York Times, 24 Jan. 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/25/world/europe/russia-plans-to-extend-snowden-asylum-lawmaker-says.html>. RT. "Snowden can extend his asylum every year – lawyer - RT News." Snowden can extend his asylum every year - lawyer - RT News. N.p., 25 Jan. 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://rt.com/news/snowden-extend-asylum-lawyer-176/>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 5, 2013 - Present Arrest Assignment: Trajectories Cyberspace Diplomacy Dissent Espionage International relations National Security United States https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/f2f72688830732ba65c4b529d37c54bd.png 4d49d3a5a9f45ca6355e752df5a4be02 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) ~3 years Event Type Arrest and Trial Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Julius Rosenberg Ethel Rosenberg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rosenberg Trial and Execution Subject The topic of the resource Russian America, Part 2 Description An account of the resource In 1950, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for allegedly passing nuclear secrets to the soviets. The two were convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 and sentenced to death. Despite concerns over the quality of the convicting evidence and public opinion in favor of clemency, the Rosenbergs were executed by electric chair on June 19, 1953. The Rosenberg trial and execution took place during the heart of the “Red Scare,” a period of paranoia over communist activity in America that took place from 1947- 1954. The Russian presence in America served as a source of tension in the aftermath of opposition between the countries and laid grounds for future disruptions in foreign relations. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Casalaspi, David. "The Cold War Museum." Cold War Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. <http://www.coldwar.org/articles/50s/TheRosenbergTrial.asp>. "Julius and Ethel Rosenberg." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Feb. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 17, 1950-June 19, 1953 Arrest Assignment: Trajectories Communism Distrust Espionage Media scandal Red Scare United States https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/41231e4f6c6e33e97c320266602d5bff.jpg e97f5f292d4cec03cb9b926c57fb831e Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) March 2, 1969 Event Type Border dispute Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Soviet Union, People's Republic of China Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Damansky Island Conflict Description An account of the resource After the collapse of Sino-Soviet relations in the 1960s, the Chinese began to dispute the current borders on the argument that "unequal treaties" by the Russians had stolen Chinese territory. On March 2, 1969, the border units of the Soviet Union and People's Republic of China clashed at Damansky (Zhenbao in Chinese) Island. After fierce fighting, the Soviet border forces managed to hold control of the island. Ultimately the Chinese and Soviets would not escalate the matter any further, but the border incident demonstrated that old rivalries between the Romanov and Qing dynasties had not been swept away by Communism. Russia had only gained control of the region in the last one hundred years, and the escalation of the conflict to the level of bloodshed demonstrated that the border remained an open question to the Chinese. Besides causing loss of life and nearly dragging two nuclear powers to war, the incident also resonated in historical memories on both sides. In China, Yang Kuisong notes how the Cultural Revolution stoked flames of both ideological assault against the Soviet "revisionists" and cultural memory of national humiliation by colonial powers. In the Soviet Union, popular imagination sprung on the fear of outposts of Russians being subsumed by waves of Chinese invaders. One poet, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, even went so far as to claim "Vladimir and Kiev,/you see in the smoking twilight /The new Batu Khans, /bombs rattling in their quivers." Although these examples may be the most heated examples of propaganda, they demonstrate how important this region was on a cultural level. For both nations, the Amur region, as distant as it might be from the Russian or Chinese heartlands, was as dear as Moscow or Shanghai. Just as the legal matter of the border dispute would not be resolved in this period, the societal impact of this region would resonate even in contemporary times. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Kuisong, Yang. "The Sino-Soviet Border Clash of 1969: From Zhenbao Island to Sino-American Rapprochement." Cold War History 1, no. 1 (2000): 21-52. For the poem cited, Yevtushenko, Yevg. "(Poem)-ON THE RED USSURI SNOW." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The (formerly The Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press) 21, no. 15 (1969): 12-13. Image: "We will not attack unless we are attacked, if we are attacked, we will certainly counterattack," Chineseposters.net. Accessed February 12, 2014. http://chineseposters.net/images/e13-783.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 2, 1969 Subject The topic of the resource Amur Region, Part 4 Amur Region Assignment: Trajectories Borders People's Republic of China Places Soviet Union https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/8a680fcd91f9f1fd9b31b82fc1b76ebc.jpg bb679a3624d65387d557e79dbec856a8 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 6 years Event Type War Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Ottoman Empire and Imperial Russian Empire Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Russo-Turkish War (Moldova, Part 1) Subject The topic of the resource Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812 Description An account of the resource In the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812, Imperial Russia annexed Bessarabia (formerly known as the Republic of Moldavia) from the Ottoman Empire. After noticing the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire began encroaching on Bessarabia (or present-day Moldova) in 1806. After the Russian Empire began occupying the eastern half of Bessarabia (between the Prut and Dniester rivers), six years of warfare broke out between the Ottomas and the Russians. In the Treaty of Bucharest (May 16, 1812), the Ottoman Empire officially gave over the entire land to the Russian Empire, after owning it for 300 years prior. The annexation of Bessarabie marked an entirely new social, political, and cultural climate for the area. By gaining Bessarabia, the Russian Empire became a major power in the Danube River area and the Transcaucus Region.<br /><br />The image from below appears from an exhibit in the National Museum of Moldovan history, commemorating the annexation of Bessarabie to Russia as a moment of fusion between the East and the West. The image depicts Sultan Selim III of the Ottoman Empire on the top left side of the image giving away the land of Bessarabia to Russian Emperor Alexander I on the bottom right-hand side of the image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mikhaĭlovskiĭ-Danilevskiĭ, Aleksandr Ivanovich, and Alexander Mikaberidze. Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812. West Chester, OH: Nafziger Collection, 2002. Print. "Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812 and the Annexation of Bessarabia: Memory of the East and the West," Exhibitions, National Museum of History of Moldova. The National History Museum of Moldova, 2006. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1806-1812 Alexander I Assignment: Trajectories Moldova Sultan Selim III Tsar https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/1fad2f4a89b73ec1b9eb836d37920964.jpg 0ec5b98e793839576a7d28e1d6dd2ff6 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 25 years (1891-1916) Event Type Construction of the trans-Siberian railroad in the Amur region. Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Russian Empire Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trans-Siberian Railroad Description An account of the resource The Trans-Siberian Railroad was the material display of Russia’s desire for a permanent foothold on the Pacific coast. Not long after the Amur region had come under Russian control, the imperial government recognized the need for a railroad to connect the region with the Russian heartland. Such a railroad would bolster Russia’s internal development of the region and project Russia’s military power. Ames’ account of Russian railway construction provides a full description of the trans-Siberian railroad’s construction, but the most notable points regarding the Amur region is that construction began simultaneously at Vladivostok as in the west, and that the first completed segment ran through Manchuria. Ultimately, an all-Russia link would be completed in the Amur valley by 1916. In particular, Russia’s desire for a militarily secure railroad arose from the concern that the Amur region, recently acquired from China, might return to the Chinese. Fears of reconquest by demographic means became common in the period. These fears had real roots in the massive settlement program, described by Marks, that the Qing dynasty had enacted in Manchuria. The notion of a few Russian outposts against the entirety of China would remain a latent ethnic concern even into the Soviet and modern era, and the trans-Siberian railroad was a means of improving the odds of permanent Russian settlement in the Amur region. However, the greater railroad projects in the Amur region did not simply represent a means of bolstering Russia against the Chinese threat. In the late 19th century, Russia saw itself as much of a colonial power as any European state, and the railroad held promises of facilitating a Russian expansion into China. Marks notes how the most ambitious of Russians even hoped for an expansion of Orthodoxy into China through railroads extending into China. While that would not come to pass, the construction of the trans-Siberian railroad and its Manchurian branches provided the infrastructure needed for any sort of economic, military, or social control over China by Russia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ames, Edward. "A century of Russian railroad construction: 1837-1936."American Slavic and East European Review (1947): 57-74. Marks, Steven Gary. Road to Power: The Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Colonization of Asian Russia, 1850-1917. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991. "File:Banknote 5000 rubles (1997) back.jpg" From Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Accessed February 12, 2014. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Banknote_5000_rubles_%281997%29_back.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1891-1916 Subject The topic of the resource Amur Region, Part 3 Amur Region Assignment: Trajectories China Places Railroads Russian Empire https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/444d7b37f2f58810ae1e8d338987a30a.jpg de22ca5d22dc2b84c1fe6031cbeea305 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) June 19th, 1992 to July 21st, 1992 Event Type Civil War Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Moldova, Transnistria, Soviet 14th Army Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Transnistrian War Subject The topic of the resource Moldova, Part 4 Description An account of the resource As the Soviet Union began its collapse, Moldova declared independence. Moldovan nationalists were giddy with freedom and proposed making Moldovan the national language. There was even talk of re-uniting with Romania. These changes did not sit well with the mostly Russian-speaking peoples east of the Dniester River, who subsequently declared independence from Moldova. A short war ensued that ended with the aid of the Soviet 14th army, which was still present on Transnistrian soil, and a peace treaty was signed. Since then Transnistria has been a de-facto independent state, recognized by none. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Transnistria-Moldova Territorial Dispute (ICE)." Transnistria-Moldova Territorial Dispute (ICE). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 19th, 1992 to July 21st, 1992 Assignment: Trajectories Civil War Military conflict Moldova Nation-building https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/8174246f8772d06881f26b4398bf1c29.jpg 8c6b4c898c2d940b2d217da23893f913 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Treaty of Nerchinsk Subject The topic of the resource Amur Region, part 1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 3 Description An account of the resource As Russia sent explorers and settlers eastward in the mid-seventeenth century, they struggled over the land in the Amur basin. At the time of Yerofei Khabarov’s 1649 expedition, one bank of the Amur river was ruled by the Daurians and the other by the Manchu, at the time the ruling dynasty of China. Khabarov captured a Daurian fortress that he called Albazino and installed a Russian settlement there, which fought against the Manchu in numerous battles and sieges. Several times the settlers escaped from Albazino to Nerchinsk, where they regrouped before returning to the fortress. Only 100 of the 800 settlers escaped from a 1685 siege, but returned the next year. The next siege lasted a full year and was more deadly still, leaving 40 out of 900 settlers alive. Finally, in 1689, Russian and Manchu delegations met at Nerchinsk to agree on a treaty that gave the Amur region to the Manchu rulers of China. The Treaty of Nerchinsk gave the lands of the upper Amur to China and called for the destruction of the Russian settlement at Albazino, with the Chinese promising not to populate the Amur basin. The treaty also opened trade with China and included provisions allowing travel and extradition of criminals between Russia and China. China’s northern boundary was extended, now marked by the river Gorbitsa, and a neutral zone was left between the river Ud and the frontier mountains. However, with a lack of both accurate maps and clear descriptions the exact boundary was and is ambiguous.Because the treaty was written using Latin as a lingua franca and translated into Russian and Manchu separately, a great number of differences exist between the various translations, exacerbating the boundary ambiguities. This border between Russia and China held, legally if not precisely, from 1689 until the Treaty of Aigun in 1858. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Territorial Terms of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689. V. S. Frank. Pacific Historical Review , Vol. 16, No. 3 (Aug., 1947) , pp. 265-270 "The Amur's siren song." The Economist. Dec 17th 2009. http://www.economist.com/node/15108641 "Treaty of Nerchinsk, the first treaty between Russia and China, concluded." Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. Web. 10 Feb 2014. http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=658. Image source: http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2009-11/09/treaty_of_nerchinsk__the_first_treaty_between_russia_and_china8ece83df84e905ad63a3.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1689-1858 Amur Region Assignment: Trajectories Borders Places Treaty https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/2dd92fec681a6f7f63296dafd4a3f3f4.JPG aad2ca025c48281d87d460a625263670 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) Two years Event Type Polish uprising against Russian control Participants Names of individuals or groups participating in the event Nicholas I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1863 Polish Uprising Subject The topic of the resource Poland, Part 3 Description An account of the resource In 1863, many Poles rose up against the Russian government. One of the motivating factors was the religious difference: that Roman Catholic Poland was displeased with the control exerted by the Russian Orthodox Church. But when the uprising was crushed, Russian Orthodox suppression of the Roman Catholic church only increased. Note that the borders portrayed are not Poland's modern borders, but the rough area of the uprising. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Smitha, Frank. "Polish Resistance." Accessed 12 February 2014. 2003 http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h47-ru5.htm Image from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rok_1863_Polonia.JPG Borders from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Podzia%C5%82_terytorialny_Rzeczypospolitej_1863.png Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-1865 Orthodoxy Poland Rebellion Religion Roman Catholicism https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/russiaglobal/original/7f4ffdb59bf5305403ad88b80f0d7a34.pdf 0fa577c42d193bc5e68a8acd7dd22e09 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Moldovan Cyrillic Subject The topic of the resource Moldova, Part 3 Description An account of the resource This is a table equating groups of roman characters and cyrillic characters. In the 1920's, the Soviet Union attempted to unify Bessarabia (a region of Romania that used to be a part of the kingdom of Moldavia before the Ottoman Empire) and the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic (a region of the Soviet Empire). As a part of their attempt to create a new region, they applied the cyrillic alphabet to the language spoken by those of Moldovan descent. This language is virtually the same as Romanian and prior to the 1920's, was written in roman characters. In 1989, when the Moldova declared independence, the official language was changed back to being written in roman characters, except for in the region of Transnisteria, where the Cyrillic characters are still used to this day. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Moldovan Cyrillic. N.p.: The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, 2002. PDF. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 - 1932 and 1938 - 1989. Still used in Transnistria. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Group 1 Assignment: Trajectories Cyrillic Language Moldova Translation