Description
In 1863, many Poles rose up against the Russian government. One of the motivating factors was the religious difference: that Roman Catholic Poland was displeased with the control exerted by the Russian Orthodox Church. But when the uprising was crushed, Russian Orthodox suppression of the Roman Catholic church only increased.
Note that the borders portrayed are not Poland's modern borders, but the rough area of the uprising.
Source
Smitha, Frank. "Polish Resistance." Accessed 12 February 2014. 2003 http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h47-ru5.htm
Image from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rok_1863_Polonia.JPG
Borders from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Podzia%C5%82_terytorialny_Rzeczypospolitej_1863.png